– Cumin, Coriander, and bay leaves serve as savory ingredients. – Red chile peppers and black peppercorns provide heat. – Cinnamon and cloves provide sweetness. – Fennel seeds are often used in South Indian Masalas, especially when combined with coconut milk – Cardamom seeds, and sometimes nutmeg and mace provide fragrance. – Star anise is often used, but if you choose to do this, use small quantities, as it can overwhelm the other spices. – White or Green cardamom seeds are used, but black cardamom is rarely used in garam masala. This isn't to say you can't use it when you make your own garam masala spice blend of course!